Form C1 – Co-op Eviction & Charges: Ontario Tenant Guide

If you live in a non-profit housing co-operative (co-op) in Ontario, eviction rules are different from those in private rentals. When your co-op wants to evict you or collect outstanding charges, they may use Form C1 – Co-op Application for Eviction and to Collect Money for Compensation, Arrears of Occupancy Charges and/or Costs. Understanding how this form works can help protect your rights and ensure you know what to expect from the co-op housing process.

What is Form C1 and When Is It Used?

Form C1 (official form on Tribunals Ontario) is used when a non-profit co-op in Ontario applies to the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) to evict a member or collect money owed. The co-op may use this form for issues such as:

• Alleged unpaid occupancy charges (similar to rent)
• Serious breaches of the co-op’s by-laws
• Damage to the co-op property
• Illegal activity within the unit

Unlike traditional landlords, co-ops must follow a unique process governed by the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 and the co-op’s own by-laws. Tenants (co-op members) have the right to a hearing before the LTB.

The Landlord and Tenant Board

The Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) is the tribunal responsible for handling most residential tenancy and co-op housing disputes in Ontario. If your co-op is starting eviction proceedings or claiming money from you, the LTB will review the application and hold a hearing. Both the co-op and the member have the opportunity to present their side.

How Does the C1 Process Work?

Here's an overview of the typical process following a Form C1 application:

• The co-op board holds a meeting and votes to evict or collect charges—members can attend and respond.
• If the co-op decides to proceed, they serve the member with proper notice (per co-op by-laws, usually 10 days).
• If the issue isn't resolved, the co-op then files Form C1 with the LTB.
• The LTB schedules a hearing, notifies all parties, and ultimately makes a legally binding decision.

What Should Tenants Do If Facing a C1 Application?

As a co-op member facing possible eviction or charges:

• Review the notice and Form C1 thoroughly
• Gather documents (by-laws, payment records, correspondence)
• Prepare your side for the LTB hearing (written explanation, evidence, witness statements if relevant)
• Attend the hearing—participating is crucial to protect your housing

You may also want to contact legal aid or tenant support services for help preparing your case.

Which Laws and Rules Apply?

Co-op housing evictions are governed by the Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 ^[1], but with specific rules for co-ops under Sections 94.1 to 94.14. Your co-op's by-laws must also be followed. The LTB provides guidance specific to co-op matters—see LTB Co-op Housing Page.

What Happens After a Decision?

If the LTB rules in favor of the co-op, a formal order will be issued for eviction and/or payment of outstanding charges. However, tenants do have rights to review and possibly appeal the decision. It's important to know your deadlines and options at this stage.

Learn more about Tenant Rights in Ontario and how they apply to co-op members and all renters.

Tips and Next Steps for Tenants

• Respond to co-op notices quickly – missing deadlines can harm your defence
• Keep written records of payments, correspondence, and meeting minutes
• Read your co-op’s by-laws carefully—your rights and responsibilities are outlined there
• Ask for help if you need it—tenant advocates, legal clinics, or duty counsel can assist

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For additional insight on shared tenant and landlord responsibilities, see Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

FAQ: Ontario Co-op Eviction & Form C1

1. What is Form C1 used for in Ontario co-ops? Form C1 allows non-profit housing co-ops to apply to the Landlord and Tenant Board for a member’s eviction or to collect unpaid charges.
2. Can I attend the LTB hearing if my co-op files a Form C1? Yes. Both the co-op and the member have the right to attend the hearing, present evidence, and make arguments.
3. What happens if I miss the LTB hearing? If you do not attend, the Board may make a decision without your input, which could result in eviction or a money order against you.
4. How does co-op eviction differ from private rental eviction? Co-op members have additional rights, including an internal board hearing and notice periods according to the co-op’s rules, before the LTB process begins.
5. Where can I get advice if I am served with a Form C1? You should contact a community legal clinic, tenant advocacy service, or the LTB information line for help and support.

Conclusion: What Tenants Should Remember

• Form C1 is the standard process for Ontario co-op evictions and charge collections—take all notices seriously and respond promptly.
• You have the right to a fair hearing and to present your side to the LTB if your co-op files Form C1.
• Knowing the rules and accessing support can make a big difference in your case outcome.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Landlord and Tenant Board (Ontario) - guidance and official forms
• Ontario Legal Aid – Tenant Help
• Advocacy Centre for Tenants Ontario
• Community Legal Education Ontario

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1. Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 (Ontario)
2. Landlord and Tenant Board (Ontario) – Co-op Housing Information
3. LTB: Forms and Applications

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