Tenancy Types Explained for Newfoundland and Labrador Renters

Understanding the different tenancy types is essential for every renter in Newfoundland and Labrador. The law recognizes several landlord-tenant arrangements, each with different rights and responsibilities. Being familiar with your tenancy type can help you respond to rent increases, end a lease properly, or avoid misunderstandings with your landlord.

The Residential Tenancies System in Newfoundland and Labrador

All residential tenancies in this province are regulated under the Residential Tenancies Act, SNL 2018, c. R-14.1. The official tribunal responsible for handling disputes and tenancy applications is the Residential Tenancies Office (RTO) of Service NL.

Main Types of Tenancies

Here’s a breakdown of the key tenancy types you may encounter in Newfoundland and Labrador:

• Fixed-term tenancy: This is a rental agreement with a clear start and end date (for example, a one-year lease). Both tenant and landlord agree on the set term.
• Periodic tenancy: Ongoing tenancies that automatically renew after each period (monthly or weekly) until notice is given by either party. These are often called "month-to-month" or "week-to-week" agreements.

Both types have unique protections and rules, so knowing your agreement is key to exercising your rights.

Fixed-Term Tenancies: What to Know

If you sign a lease with an exact ending date, you’re in a fixed-term tenancy. Here are important details:

• At the end of the term, the lease usually ends automatically, unless renewed.
• You and your landlord can agree to a new fixed-term or switch to a month-to-month (periodic) arrangement after expiry.
• Ending the tenancy early requires mutual agreement or following special legal steps.

Learn more about your overall rights in Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Newfoundland and Labrador.

Periodic (Month-to-Month or Week-to-Week) Tenancies

Most ongoing rentals without a set end date are periodic. Common points include:

• Either party can end the tenancy with proper written notice (see forms below).
• Notice periods depend on the type of tenancy and the reason (e.g., 1 month’s notice for monthly tenancies).
• Rent can only be raised once every 12 months with proper written notice.

Key Forms Every Tenant Should Know

The Residential Tenancies Office provides several forms. Here are the most common:

• Notice of Termination – By Tenant (Form RTB-12) [official form]
  Use this to give proper notice if you wish to end a periodic tenancy.
• Notice of Termination – By Landlord (Form RTB-11) [official form]
  Landlords use this to serve notice, including for non-payment, breach, or at the end of a fixed term.
• Application for Dispute Resolution (Form RTB-01) [official form]
  File this if you need help resolving an issue, such as unfair eviction or deposit disputes.

For a full listing of forms, visit the Residential Tenancies Office’s forms page.

Common Rights and Responsibilities

No matter your tenancy type, you and your landlord have shared rights and obligations:

• The property must be safe and fit to live in at all times.
• You must pay rent on time and respect peaceful enjoyment of the unit.
• The landlord must provide required notices for entry or any changes (like a rent increase).

Find more details about your mutual duties in Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

Security Deposits

Landlords may request a security deposit (sometimes called a damage deposit) of up to three-quarters of one month’s rent. The deposit must be returned (with interest) within 15 days of the tenancy ending, provided there are no damages or unpaid rent. For more on this, see Understanding Rental Deposits: What Tenants Need to Know.

Rent Payments and Increases

Regardless of tenancy type, rent is due on the agreed date. Landlords must give at least three months' written notice before raising rent, and only once every 12 months. If you face issues, contact the Residential Tenancies Office for guidance.

Tip: Never pay rent in cash without a receipt. Keep all documentation related to your tenancy.

For those searching for flexible rental options, Find rental homes across Canada on Houseme makes it easy to browse options, including by province and tenancy type.

FAQ: Tenancy Types in Newfoundland and Labrador

1. What happens when my fixed-term lease ends?
   Usually, your tenancy ends on the agreed date. However, you and your landlord can agree to sign a new lease or keep renting on a month-to-month basis.
2. How much notice do I need to give to move out of a periodic tenancy?
   For a monthly tenancy, you must provide at least one month's written notice using the proper form. For weekly tenancies, it's a week's notice.
3. Can my landlord end my tenancy early?
   Early termination is only allowed for specific reasons (such as non-payment or serious breach of lease) and proper written notice must be given using the correct form.
4. Do I get my deposit back if I move out?
   Yes, if you leave the unit clean and undamaged, the landlord must return your deposit (plus interest) within 15 days of your move-out date.
5. Where do I go for help if there's a disagreement?
   Tenants and landlords can apply to the Residential Tenancies Office for dispute resolution by filing the required application form.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways for Newfoundland and Labrador Tenants

• Know your tenancy type—fixed-term or periodic—to protect your rights.
• Use official forms for notices and disputes; always give proper notice.
• Understand your basic rights and responsibilities for a smoother renting experience.

Learning about tenancy types will help you make informed decisions and avoid potential problems. If you need more details, reach out to your provincial offices or tenant resources.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Residential Tenancies Office (RTO): Official tenancy dispute resolution and information (1-877-829-2608).
• Public Legal Information Association of Newfoundland and Labrador: Free legal info and tenant resources.
• Residential Tenancies Forms Page: All the forms you may need for notices or applications.

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1. [1] Residential Tenancies Act, SNL 2018, c. R-14.1
2. [2] Residential Tenancies Office (Service NL)

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