Moving into a rental in Quebec often means sharing responsibility with your landlord for repairs and maintenance. Sometimes, disagreements arise over who should fix what, when, and how urgently. Understanding your rights and knowing the right steps can make a big difference in resolving these repair issues quickly and fairly.

Understanding Repair Disputes in Quebec Rentals

In Quebec, tenants and landlords have specific rights and obligations for routine and urgent repairs. The Civil Code of Québec sets out these rules to protect both parties^[1]. Knowing what counts as a repair and who is responsible can help prevent misunderstandings from becoming major disputes.

What Counts as a Repair?

• Routine repairs include fixing worn-out appliances, leaky faucets, or paint touch-ups.
• Emergency repairs address problems that affect health, safety, or essential services, such as heating failures in winter or broken locks.
• Major repairs might include structural problems, plumbing overhauls, or electrical work.

If a repair is required for the property to meet health or safety standards, your landlord is typically responsible. For a detailed breakdown of these obligations, see Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

Common Types of Repair Disputes

• Delays in fixing essential services (e.g., heating, electricity)
• Responsibility for minor wear-and-tear repairs
• Landlord refusing to fix problems that affect safety or health
• Disagreements about repairs at move-in or move-out

Often, clear documentation and good communication can prevent issues. Consider using a checklist at the start of your tenancy, like the advice in Guide to the Initial Rental Property Inspection for Tenants.

How to Address Repair Disputes Step by Step

When a repair issue arises, follow these steps to resolve it efficiently and legally:

• 1. Notify Your Landlord in Writing. It's best to request repairs by email or letter and keep a copy for your records.
• 2. Document the Problem. Take photos or videos showing the issue, and note the date it started.
• 3. Allow Reasonable Time. For routine repairs, landlords generally have a reasonable amount of time. Emergencies must be fixed quickly.
• 4. Follow Up. If there's no response, follow up politely but firmly, reminding your landlord of their legal obligations.
• 5. Use the Official Complaint Process. If the landlord does not make repairs, you can contact the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL), Quebec's residential tenancy tribunal.
• 6. Complete the Official Form. Submit "Requête : obligations du locateur" (Form TAL-101A), also known as the Application – Obligations of the Lessor.
  • Use this form when the landlord does not carry out repairs after reasonable notice.
  • File online or deliver in person. For official details and instructions: Application – Obligations of the Lessor (TAL-101A)
  • Attach all supporting documents (photos, written notices, receipts).

Learn more about what to expect after applying in What Tenants Need to Know After Signing the Rental Agreement.

Who Handles Tenant-Landlord Repair Disputes in Quebec?

The Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) resolves disputes about repairs in rental housing. Seek their help when informal solutions fail, or if your health or safety is at risk.

Related Tenant Rights in Quebec

For a broader look at tenant and landlord rights, visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Quebec. Understanding these rights is key to avoiding disputes before they start.

If you're searching for a new home after a dispute or just exploring your options, Explore Houseme for nationwide rental listings to see available units across Quebec and Canada.

FAQ: Repair Disputes in Quebec Rentals

1. Who is responsible for repairs in a Quebec rental?
   Usually, the landlord must handle major and structural repairs, as well as those related to health and safety. Tenants handle minor upkeep and must inform the landlord of issues promptly.
2. What if my landlord refuses to fix something urgent?
   If essential repairs are not made after notice, you can apply to the Tribunal administratif du logement using Form TAL-101A. For truly urgent cases, repairs may be made and deducted from rent, but consult the TAL first.
3. Can I withhold rent until repairs are done?
   No. Withholding rent without tribunal permission can lead to eviction. Follow legal channels by applying to the TAL instead.
4. How long does a landlord have to fix a problem?
   It depends on the severity. Emergencies (like loss of heat in winter) must be fixed immediately. Routine repairs should be done within a reasonable timeframe, usually a few days to weeks.
5. What documents should I keep about repairs?
   Keep all communication, photos, and receipts. These help your case if you need to make a formal complaint.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL): File applications, get guidance, or download official forms.
• Ministry of Justice Quebec – Tenants' Rights: Official guides and legal information.
• Regroupement des comités logement et associations de locataires du Québec (RCLALQ): Tenant advocacy and support.
• For support outside Quebec, see Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Quebec.

---

1. Civil Code of Québec – R.S.Q., c. C-1991 (Repair Obligations)

Categories

Tenant Rights & Responsibilities Rent & Deposits Leases & Agreements Moving In / Out Maintenance & Repairs Evictions Roommates & Shared Housing Discrimination & Accessibility Utilities & Services Affordable Housing & Subsidies Dispute Resolution & LTB Safety & Security Privacy & Entry by Landlord Special Tenancy Situations Tenant Insurance & Liability Post-Eviction Resources Landlord Compliance & Penalties Legal Precedents & Case Summaries Mental Health & Tenancy