Can Tenants Change the Locks in Nova Scotia? What You Need to Know

If you're renting a home or apartment in Nova Scotia and have concerns about your safety, privacy, or an upcoming eviction, you may be wondering about your rights concerning changing the locks. It's important to understand the rules before taking any action, as unauthorized lock changes can lead to disputes—or worse, eviction. This article explains the law on lock changes for tenants and landlords in Nova Scotia, with practical guidance and official resources.

Lock Changes in Nova Scotia Rentals: What the Law Says

Under Nova Scotia’s Residential Tenancies Act, both tenants and landlords must follow specific rules when it comes to changing locks on a rental property. Unilateral (one-sided) changes are generally not allowed without the other party's written consent or an order from the provincial Residential Tenancies Program, which is the official tribunal overseeing landlord-tenant matters in Nova Scotia.^[1]

Who Can Legally Change the Locks?

• Landlords can only change the locks if:
  • You, the tenant, give written permission
  • They have an order from the Residential Tenancies Program
• Tenants can only change the locks if:
  • The landlord gives written permission
  • You have an order from the Residential Tenancies Program

Changing locks without following these rules is considered unlawful and could result in a formal complaint, and potential penalties or eviction.

Steps to Take If You Want to Change the Locks

Here's what to do if you believe you need to change the locks on your rented unit in Nova Scotia:

• Check your lease or rental agreement for any lock-change clauses.
• Request your landlord's permission in writing. Clearly explain the reason (for instance, lost keys, a break-in, or safety concern).
• If your landlord refuses and you believe your request is justified, you may apply to the Residential Tenancies Program for an order.

Remember: Even with permission, the landlord must be provided with a copy of the new key unless the Residential Tenancies Program allows otherwise.

Relevant Forms and How to Use Them

• Form: Application to the Director (Form J)
  When and how to use it: If you feel your landlord has unreasonably refused your request to change the locks (for safety, abuse, or similar), you can apply for a formal decision. Download the form and instructions from the official site: Form J - Application to the Director (PDF).
  Example: You're concerned about a previous roommate having keys and your landlord won't take action. Apply to the Residential Tenancies Program for authorization to change the locks.

Can a Landlord Change the Locks on a Tenant?

Landlords are not allowed to change the locks to prevent you from entering—unless they have a written order from the Residential Tenancies Program and are following the legal eviction process. Lock changes for a new tenancy (between renters) are permitted, but the landlord must provide new tenants the key.

This is a protection for tenants: "lockout evictions" are illegal in Nova Scotia. If you have been locked out, contact the Residential Tenancies Program immediately.

Related Tenant Rights and Responsibilities

Changing locks often comes up during rental disputes or when moving out. For more about what you're responsible for after moving in, see Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

For a full list of your legal rights (including eviction, maintenance, and security of tenure), visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Nova Scotia.

What Happens if You Change the Locks Without Permission?

If you change the locks without landlord consent or an order, your landlord may file a complaint against you with the Residential Tenancies Program. You may be ordered to provide a key or restore the original lock, and could be responsible for costs or even face termination of your tenancy.

Key Takeaway: Always seek written permission and know your rights under Nova Scotia’s Residential Tenancies Act before making lock changes—or risk legal consequences.

Lock Changes During Eviction or After Moving Out

If you're being evicted, do not change the locks to delay or prevent eviction. This will not stop a legal eviction and can add to your troubles. After moving out, the landlord can change the locks, but must not do so before your lease ends or without legal process.

Where to Find Rentals in Nova Scotia

Looking for a new rental after moving? Find rental homes across Canada on Houseme with easy search tools and up-to-date listings.

Frequently Asked Questions About Lock Changes in Nova Scotia

1. Can my landlord lock me out or change the locks without notice?
   No. Landlords cannot lock you out or change the locks without following the formal eviction process and a legal order from the Residential Tenancies Program.
2. Do I have to give my landlord a copy of the new key if I change the locks?
   Yes. If you have permission to change the locks, you must provide a copy of the new key to your landlord, unless an order says otherwise.
3. What should I do if I lose my keys?
   Notify your landlord immediately. Depending on your lease, you may be responsible for replacement costs, but never change the locks without written permission or an order.
4. Can I change the locks if I’m afraid for my safety?
   You should first discuss the situation with your landlord. If they will not agree, you can apply to the Residential Tenancies Program for an order authorizing the lock change (using Form J).
5. Who pays for lock changes in Nova Scotia?
   Usually, whoever requests the change (tenant or landlord) is responsible for costs, unless the lease says otherwise.

Key Takeaways for Nova Scotia Tenants

• Never change the locks without your landlord’s written permission or a legal order.
• Landlords are not allowed to lock you out or change the locks without due process.
• Know your rights under the Residential Tenancies Act and contact the Residential Tenancies Program for help.

By staying informed, you can protect your home and avoid needless legal trouble.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Nova Scotia Residential Tenancies Program (File applications, get legal Help, see official forms)
• Residential Tenancies Act (Read the full law online)
• For community support: Contact the Legal Information Society of Nova Scotia at legalinfo.org
• For more tenant tips on your rights and obligations, visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Nova Scotia

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1. Residential Tenancies Act (Nova Scotia). Available: Residential Tenancies Act (PDF).
2. Nova Scotia Residential Tenancies Program. Forms and applications: Official government page.

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