Types of Tenancy Agreements in Quebec: A Tenant’s Guide

If you’re renting in Quebec, understanding your tenancy type is key to protecting your rights and making confident decisions about your home. Quebec's rental laws give tenants strong protections—but your specific tenancy agreement shapes your obligations, notice periods, and more. This guide explains the main types of tenancy in Quebec, key differences, and where to get help if you need it.

Which Tenancy Types Exist in Quebec?

Quebec law recognizes several tenancy arrangements. The kind of lease you sign determines your notice rules, renewal rights, and what to do at the end of your rental term.

• Fixed-Term Lease: This lease has a clear start and end date (e.g., a 12-month lease). It automatically renews as a fixed-term lease of the same length unless either side gives proper notice.
• Indeterminate (Periodic) Lease: No set end date. Periodic leases typically renew month-to-month, and can be ended with proper notice by either party.
• Rooming House/Boarding Lease: Special rules may apply where the landlord provides meals or daily services.
• Subletting and Assignment: Tenants can generally sublet or assign their lease to someone else—subject to specific legal rules.

Most residential tenants in Quebec have either a fixed-term or periodic lease. Knowing your lease type is essential during rent increases, renewal, or if you’re considering moving out.

Key Features of Each Lease Type

1. Fixed-Term Lease

Commonly used in Quebec, this lease spells out a start and end date. Popular for students and families who want guaranteed housing for a set period. Unless a tenant or landlord gives notice otherwise, the lease renews for the same term. Notice deadlines depend on the length of the lease:

• 12 months or more: Both parties must give written notice 3–6 months before the end.
• Less than 12 months: Written notice must be given 1–2 months before end.

If you want to move out or your landlord seeks to change lease terms, written notice is essential. Review the details in your agreement to understand your deadlines.

2. Indeterminate (Periodic) Lease

Instead of a set end date, this lease renews automatically (usually monthly) until either side gives the right notice: at least 1 month before moving out for a month-to-month arrangement.

If you have an indeterminate lease, the rules about rent increases and ending your lease are somewhat different. For more details about common issues, see Common Issues Tenants Face and How to Resolve Them.

3. Subletting and Lease Assignment

Quebec tenants have the right to sublet their apartment or transfer (assign) their lease, but you must do it with your landlord's consent (which cannot be unreasonably refused). If you’re thinking of going this route, talk to your landlord well in advance, follow legal steps, and consider reading Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

Quebec’s Official Rental Form (Mandatory)

In Quebec, most residential leases must use the government’s official form, known as the Mandatory Lease Form (Form “Mandatory lease - housing”). It is available online and at major retailers and must be used for all new residential tenancies.

• Name: Mandatory lease – housing (“Bail de logement”)
• When to use: Always for new rental agreements (except certain exempt housing types, e.g., some co-ops).
• How to use: Both tenant and landlord complete and sign. Retain a copy for your records.
• Download the official lease form from Québec.ca

In addition, tenants may need to use specific forms for lease assignment, subletting, or notice to terminate. The Administrative Housing Tribunal (TAL—formerly Régie du logement) provides all official forms and guidance.

Your Rights and Obligations Under Quebec Law

All tenancy types in Quebec are governed by the province’s Civil Code of Québec (Book V, Title Two, Lease of a Dwelling). Even if your lease is written, verbal, short-term, or long-term, this law outlines your basic rights, including:

• Right to peaceful enjoyment and privacy
• Limits on security deposits (only the first month's rent is allowed as advance payment)
• Protection from unfair eviction
• Rules about rent increases and notice

For more on your rights and the latest updates, visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Quebec.
To compare types of deposits across provinces, see Understanding Rental Deposits: What Tenants Need to Know.

To search for your next apartment or compare rental options anywhere in Canada, you can Browse apartments for rent in Canada—the fastest way to see available homes from coast to coast.

FAQ: Quebec Tenancy Types and Your Rights

1. How do I know if my lease will renew automatically in Quebec?
   Most fixed-term leases in Quebec automatically renew for the same duration unless the tenant or landlord gives written notice within the proper time period (usually 3–6 months before the end for yearly leases).
2. Can I sublet my apartment in Quebec without my landlord's permission?
   No, but your landlord cannot unreasonably refuse your request. Always use the official forms and follow the steps outlined by the Administrative Housing Tribunal (TAL).
3. Is my landlord allowed to request a security deposit?
   No. In Quebec, landlords are not allowed to require a security deposit—only the first month's rent in advance is permitted. For more, see Understanding Rental Deposits: What Tenants Need to Know.
4. Where do I get the official lease form for Quebec rentals?
   The form, called “Bail de logement”, is available online via TAL’s official forms page and at retail stores like Bureau en Gros and Jean Coutu.

Conclusion: Key Takeaways for Quebec Renters

• Your lease type (fixed-term or periodic) affects notice rules and your rights.
• Always use the official Quebec residential lease form.
• Know your legal protections: the Administrative Housing Tribunal can help with disputes.

For tenants, understanding these basics makes it easier to plan moves, handle lease negotiations, and resolve potential problems with confidence.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Administrative Housing Tribunal (TAL): Handles disputes, renewals, notice questions, and provides forms.
• Quebec Government Housing Portal: Information hub for tenants and landlords.
• Éducaloi – Housing Law: Plain-language legal information for Quebec tenants (non-profit legal resource).
• For more details, visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Quebec.

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1. TAL – Administrative Housing Tribunal (Tribunal administratif du logement)
2. Legislation: Civil Code of Québec, Book V, Title Two (Lease of a dwelling)
3. Mandatory Lease Form: Official Quebec Residential Lease Form
4. Quebec Housing Ministry: Housing – Government of Quebec

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