5 Essential Facts Quebec Tenants Need to Know About Evictions

If you’re a renter in Quebec, understanding your rights and the eviction process is crucial to protect your home and peace of mind. Eviction can be complicated, and knowing the law in Quebec will help you respond confidently, whether you’ve received a notice or are concerned about possible eviction. This article outlines the top 5 most important things tenants need to know about eviction in Quebec and how to navigate your next steps.

1. Only Legal Reasons for Eviction Are Allowed

In Quebec, your landlord can only evict you for specific reasons laid out in the Quebec Civil Code, Book Five, Title Two – Lease of Immovable^[1]. Unauthorized evictions (for example, simply wanting the unit back) are not permitted. Common valid reasons include:

• Repossessing the dwelling for a close family member (with strict legal requirements)
• Major renovations requiring you to move out
• Demolition of the building
• You haven’t paid rent, or there has been another serious lease breach

The landlord must follow the correct legal process for each reason. If you’re unsure about your obligations or your landlord’s, you can consult Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained for more details on both sides’ rights.

2. Written Notice and Notice Periods Are Required

Eviction always requires written notice from the landlord, with clearly defined timelines based on the reason:

• Repossession or change of use: At least 6 months’ notice before the lease ends (for leases of 12 months or more)
• Demolition or major changes: At least 6 months’ notice as well
• For non-payment of rent: The landlord may send a formal notice as early as the day after rent is due, but cannot evict you without following due process

Make sure to save all correspondence. If your landlord gives verbal notice, it is not legally valid.

3. You Can Challenge an Eviction

If you believe your landlord’s reason for eviction is not genuine, or if the process wasn’t properly followed, you have the right to contest the notice by applying to the tribunal. In Quebec, the official body for these matters is the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) (formerly Régie du logement). You must submit your objection within 1 month after receiving an eviction or repossession notice.

Use the official form "Contest a Notice of Repossession or Eviction" (TAL Form: Contestation d’un avis de reprise ou d’éviction). For example, if you receive a repossession notice and feel the landlord's reason is not legitimate, fill out this form and submit it to TAL within one month. Access the official TAL instructions and the form: Contest a Notice of Repossession or Eviction form.^[2]

4. Rent Must Still Be Paid During Disputes

Even if you are contesting an eviction, you must keep paying rent until the matter is resolved. Not paying rent can give your landlord additional legal grounds to end your lease. Learn more about your rent-paying obligations in Tenant's Guide to Paying Rent: Rights, Responsibilities, and Tips.

5. Compensation and Relocation Support May Apply

For certain types of eviction, such as demolition or conversion, you’re entitled to compensation from your landlord. The amount and process are set out by the TAL. If the eviction is for major renovations or demolition, review your eligibility for financial help and don’t sign anything before understanding your rights.

Where to Learn More About Your Rights

If you want an overview of the province's laws and processes, visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Quebec. For additional options when searching for housing, Browse apartments for rent in Canada on trusted platforms.

1. Can a landlord evict me for selling the building?
   No. Selling alone is not a valid ground for eviction in Quebec. The new or current owner must still follow all legal processes if they seek repossession, demolition, or conversion. You may remain in your unit unless properly notified for a specific, legal reason.
2. How much notice do I get if I haven’t paid rent?
   For non-payment, the landlord may formally notify you as soon as rent is overdue. If payment isn’t made within this timeframe, the landlord can ask TAL for an eviction order, which may require a hearing.
3. What if I need to move before my lease ends because of an eviction?
   If you're forced to leave following a legal eviction, you may be entitled to compensation. For early voluntary move-outs, review your rights in What to Do If You Need to Leave Your Rental Before the Lease Expires.
4. Does my landlord need to provide compensation for eviction?
   For evictions due to demolition or conversion, yes. TAL sets rules for the amount and process. For repossession for a family member, typically no compensation is required, but procedures must be followed strictly.

1. How do I contest an eviction in Quebec?
   Submit your "Contest a Notice of Repossession or Eviction" form to the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) within one month of receiving the notice. Include all supporting documents and reasons for your objection.
2. How can I check if my eviction notice is legal?
   Compare your notice wording and timelines to the requirements in the Quebec Civil Code and consult a tenant support agency or the TAL for advice.
3. How do I prepare for a TAL hearing?
   Gather all documentation (lease, notices, rent receipts, correspondence) and prepare your arguments/topics in advance. You may bring witnesses if needed.

Key Takeaways for Quebec Tenants Facing Eviction

• Evictions are only legal for specific reasons, and landlords must follow strict procedures
• You always have the right to contest an eviction notice with TAL within set time limits
• Keep paying rent and responding in writing until the dispute is resolved

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL) – Quebec’s official tenancy tribunal
• Éducaloi – Tenant legal information in Quebec
• RCLALQ – Quebec’s main tenants’ rights association

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1. Quebec Civil Code, Book Five, Lease of Immovable – Official legislation text
2. Tribunal administratif du logement: Contest a Notice of Repossession or Eviction

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