How to Prepare Evidence for a Nova Scotia LTB Hearing

Tenants in Nova Scotia may need to attend a Residential Tenancies Program hearing (often called the "LTB hearing") to resolve disputes about issues such as rent increases, repairs, or eviction. Preparing evidence is essential to support your case, whether you’re challenging a landlord’s claim or making your own application for help.

About the Nova Scotia Residential Tenancies Program and Legislation

All residential tenancy disputes in Nova Scotia are handled by the Nova Scotia Residential Tenancies Program. This is a government process designed to resolve issues fairly under the Residential Tenancies Act (Nova Scotia).^[1] The "LTB" is not the official name, but many tenants use it for simplicity. The Program covers most disputes about rent, maintenance, deposits, and evictions.

If you're unsure about your rights, see Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Nova Scotia for a clear overview.

Why Is Evidence Important at Your Hearing?

Strong evidence helps the Residential Tenancies Officer understand what actually happened. Officers base their decisions on facts and documentation, not just personal statements. Tenants should bring organized, clear, and relevant evidence related to the dispute.

Types of Evidence Tenants Should Gather

Different issues require different types of evidence. Typical examples include:

• Written communication: Emails, letters, or text messages between you and your landlord.
• Photographs or videos: Clear images showing repair issues, damage, or conditions of the unit.
• Receipts and invoices: Proof of rent payments, repairs, or expenses you’ve paid.
• Rental agreements: Your signed lease or any other written tenancy contract.
• Inspection reports: Initial or final inspection records may be crucial for deposit or damages cases. Learn more in our Guide to the Initial Rental Property Inspection for Tenants.
• Witness statements: Written statements from people who observed relevant events (signed and dated if possible).

All evidence must be relevant to the issue you’re disputing. Organizing your evidence into logical order (chronological is typical) makes your case clearer.

Forms Tenants May Need

Several formal forms may be required, depending on your application or response.

• Form J (Application to Director): Use this form to request a hearing for issues such as repairs, return of deposit, or ending a tenancy. Download it from the official Nova Scotia source. For example, if you're requesting emergency repairs, you would complete and submit this form.
• Form K (Response to Application): If you have received notice your landlord has applied against you, use Form K to present your response and supporting evidence. Example: You receive an eviction application and want to present proof of payment or communication.
• Notice of Hearing: After applying, you’ll get a Notice of Hearing from the Program, listing the time, method (phone/video/in-person), and what documents to provide.

Submit your completed forms and attach copies of your evidence. The program typically requests you send everything to the other party (your landlord) and to Residential Tenancies before the hearing date.^[2]

How to Prepare and Submit Your Evidence

• Gather all relevant documents, photos, and communication records concerning your dispute.
• Label evidence clearly (e.g., "Email to landlord dated May 2, 2024").
• Submit copies (not originals) to both the landlord and the Program as instructed in your Notice of Hearing. If submitting in person or by email, keep confirmation.
• Prepare a short timeline or written summary of events to help the officer understand your side.

Presenting Evidence at Your Hearing

Arrive on time for your hearing (by phone, video, or in person). Organize your evidence into the order you want to present it. At the hearing:

• State your main concern and refer to specific items in your evidence.
• Be concise and respectful; let the officer guide the discussion.
• Reference written communication or photos by date and description, e.g., "As shown in this photo taken May 2, you can see the leak."
• Answer questions honestly. If you do not know an answer, say so.

If your issue involves health concerns or safety hazards, see Health and Safety Issues Every Tenant Should Know When Renting for guidance on what evidence is helpful.

Summary: Key Evidence Tips for Tenants

• Submit evidence in advance, in a clear and organized manner.
• Bring multiple copies (or ensure digital files are ready).
• Use the correct forms for applications and responses.
• Practice explaining your evidence simply and directly.

Organized evidence increases the chance of a fair outcome at your hearing.

For more resources, find Canada's best rental listings platform for up-to-date information on rentals and tenant guides.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What if my landlord refuses to accept my evidence?
   If you submit your evidence to the Program according to their instructions and share it with the landlord as directed, it will be included in your hearing regardless of the landlord’s response.
2. Can I bring witnesses to my Residential Tenancies hearing?
   Yes. You may bring witnesses who have directly seen or heard important details about your case. Notify the Program in advance if possible.
3. Is digital evidence like texts or emails accepted?
   Yes. Printed copies or clearly displayed emails and texts are accepted as evidence, provided they are relevant and presented in an organized way.
4. What do I do if I miss the deadline to submit evidence?
   Contact the Residential Tenancies Program right away. Late evidence may only be allowed if you have a good reason for the delay.
5. Where can tenants learn more about their rights in Nova Scotia?
   See Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Nova Scotia for a thorough outline of key regulations.

Key Takeaways for Tenants

• Prepare and organize all documents and forms early for your hearing.
• Use official Residential Tenancies Program forms and follow instructions on evidence submission closely.
• Understand your rights by consulting trusted guides and official resources.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Residential Tenancies Program – Nova Scotia (main portal for forms, guides, and contact)
• Program Contact: 1-800-670-4357 (toll-free Nova Scotia)
• Nova Scotia Tenant's Guide (official government information)
• Free legal advice: Legal Information Society of Nova Scotia (LISNS)
• Find community support via tenant advocacy organizations in your area

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1. See the Residential Tenancies Act (Nova Scotia)
2. Information from the official Nova Scotia Residential Tenancies Program

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