Living in Quebec means both tenants and landlords must follow safety rules for smoke and carbon monoxide (CO) alarms. This guide explains what kinds of alarms are required, who must install and maintain them, how to test and replace batteries or units, and what to do if an alarm is missing or not working. It also outlines when you can ask the Tribunal administratif du logement for help and which official forms or notices to use.[1] The information is written for renters and tenants who need clear, practical steps to stay safe and to protect their rights when alarms are not provided or maintained.
Who must provide and maintain alarms
In Quebec, landlords generally have the primary responsibility to provide and maintain required smoke and CO alarms so the dwelling meets basic safety and habitability obligations under provincial rules and the Civil Code of Québec.[3] Tenants must use alarms properly and report faults promptly. If a landlord does not install or repair alarms after a written request, tenants can escalate to the Tribunal administratif du logement for help.[1]
- Provide and install required alarms before a new tenant moves in.
- Repair or replace alarms that stop working during the tenancy.
- Respond in writing to tenant notices about faulty alarms within a reasonable time.
- Keep records of maintenance, tests, and replacements.
Types of alarms required
Typical requirements include smoke alarms for fire detection and CO alarms where fuel-burning appliances, attached garages, or other CO risks exist. Combined smoke/CO units are commonly acceptable if they meet safety standards. Exact placement and the number of units can vary by building type, local fire code, or municipal regulations, so check official guidance for specifics.[2]
- Smoke alarms on every level of the dwelling and near sleeping areas, unless local rules say otherwise.
- CO alarms where there is a risk from furnaces, gas stoves, fireplaces, or attached garages.
- Use certified alarms that meet applicable Canadian or provincial standards.
Testing, maintenance and battery replacement
Both landlords and tenants play roles in keeping alarms working. Tenants should test alarms monthly and report issues; landlords should perform required maintenance and replace units that are defective or past their expiry. Keep proof of tests, reports, and any communications about repairs.
- Test alarms at least once a month and after any power interruption.
- Replace batteries or sealed battery units as recommended by the manufacturer.
- Document tests and repairs with dated photos or short notes.
- Ask your landlord in writing for repairs; include what you tested and when.
What to do if alarms are missing or not working
If an alarm is missing or defective, start by notifying your landlord in writing and keep a copy. If the landlord does not act within a reasonable time, you can apply to the Tribunal administratif du logement for an order requiring repairs or replacement.[1] Consider referencing your obligations and the landlords obligations in writing to strengthen your complaint and keep records of all steps.
- Send a clear written notice to the landlord describing the problem and the date you tested the alarm.
- Keep copies of messages, photos, and any responses from the landlord.
- If unresolved, file an application with the Tribunal administratif du logement and attach your evidence.[1]
- For immediate danger (no alarms and suspected CO or fire), leave the unit and call emergency services.
For more on health and hazard responsibilities in rentals, see Health and Safety Issues Every Tenant Should Know When Renting.
FAQ
- Who pays to replace batteries in smoke or CO alarms?
- Unless your lease says otherwise, batteries for user-replaceable alarms are often the tenants responsibility; landlords must replace failed hardwired or expired units. Check your lease and local rules, and document any requests for replacements.
- Can I install my own alarms if the landlord wont?
- You can install additional alarms for safety, but tell your landlord first and keep proof. If the landlord refuses to install required alarms, you may apply to the Tribunal administratif du logement for an order to compel installation.[1]
- What if I smell gas or suspect carbon monoxide?
- Leave immediately, call emergency services, and notify your landlord in writing about the situation. Do not re-enter until authorities say it is safe.
How-To
- Test all alarms when you move in and record the date and result.
- Notify the landlord in writing if any alarm is missing or fails the test; keep a copy of the message.
- Gather evidence: photos, videos, and a log of tests and communications.
- If the landlord does not act, submit an application to the Tribunal administratif du logement with your evidence.[1]
Help and Support / Resources
- Tribunal administratif du logement (Tenant tribunal)
- Government of Quebec Renting and housing safety information
