Quebec Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Laws: Tenant Guide

Safety & Security Quebec published: June 14, 2025 Flag of Quebec

As a tenant in Quebec, understanding your rights and responsibilities regarding smoke alarms and carbon monoxide (CO) detectors is essential for your safety. The province has strict regulations to ensure every rental unit is properly equipped with these vital devices. This article covers what tenants and landlords should know, the relevant laws, and what steps to take if you discover issues in your home.

Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarms in Quebec Rentals: What You Need to Know

Quebec law requires landlords to provide and maintain working smoke alarms and CO detectors in all residential rental properties. These rules are enforced to protect you and your family from fire and carbon monoxide hazards, which can cause injury or even death in homes without proper warning devices.

Landlord and Tenant Responsibilities

Both landlords and tenants share responsibility for the safety of a rental home, especially when it comes to alarms.

  • Landlord's role: Must install and maintain operational smoke and CO alarms in all required areas. Alarms should meet local building codes and be located on each floor and near sleeping areas.
  • Tenant's role: Should test the alarms regularly and promptly notify the landlord if any become defective or batteries need replacing (if applicable).
Regularly check your alarms each month using the test button. Notify your landlord immediately if an alarm fails or is missing.

For a complete overview of Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained, see our dedicated guide.

Legal Requirements and Official Sources

Quebec’s Civil Code of Quebec (Article 1854 and Article 1910) requires landlords to maintain their properties in a good habitable condition, which includes ensuring all smoke and CO alarms are installed and functional1. Municipal fire codes may provide additional specifics. As a tenant, you do not have to purchase or install alarms if your landlord fails to provide them—but you should notify them in writing of any deficiencies.

Forms and How to Report a Problem

If you find your rental unit does not meet the legal requirement for alarms, first inform your landlord in writing. If the issue is not resolved, you can file a formal complaint with the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL), Quebec’s official residential tenancy board. In urgent safety situations, you can also contact your local fire department for inspection.

  • Official Form: Application to the Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL)
    Form name: Application – Repairs, Services, or Conditions ("Demande – Réparations, services ou conditions", Form TAL-022A)
    How it's used: Submit this form if your landlord fails to comply with smoke and CO alarm requirements. For example, if you’ve reported a missing alarm and it is not installed in a reasonable time, you can complete this form to request the Tribunal’s intervention.
    Download the official form from TAL

For a full step-by-step guide on addressing building safety or health issues, see Health and Safety Issues Every Tenant Should Know When Renting.

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Action Steps for Tenants

  • Test all alarms monthly and after moving in
  • Replace batteries if accessible (some alarms have sealed batteries – check your device)
  • Promptly report any malfunctioning or missing alarms to your landlord in writing (email or letter)
  • If your landlord does not act, document your communications and file a complaint with TAL

If you’re planning a move or searching for a new home where safety is a top priority, Browse apartments for rent in Canada and find properties with up-to-date safety features.

Relevant Legislation, Tribunals, and Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What should I do if my smoke or CO alarm stops working?
    Immediately notify your landlord in writing. Landlords are required by law to repair or replace faulty alarms promptly.
  2. Can I be held responsible if I remove or disable an alarm?
    Yes. Tenants must not remove, disable, or tamper with alarms. Doing so can put you at risk and may violate your lease.
  3. Are landlords required to check alarms between tenants?
    Yes, landlords must ensure all alarms are working before a new tenant moves in.
  4. Is there a specific fine if alarms are missing in my apartment?
    Fines can be imposed by municipal fire departments for non-compliance. Always report deficiencies to your landlord first.
  5. What if my landlord refuses to fix a missing or broken alarm?
    You can submit a complaint to the TAL using the official form and may request an inspection by your city’s fire department.

Key Takeaways for Tenants

  • Landlords must provide and maintain all required smoke and CO alarms in Quebec rentals.
  • Promptly report issues and always notify your landlord in writing for documentation.
  • Know your options—use TAL’s complaint process if your landlord doesn’t act.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

  1. Legislation: Civil Code of Quebec – Residential Lease Provisions, Articles 1854–1910
  2. Tribunal administratif du logement (TAL): Official Homepage
  3. Official Application for Repairs/Services: Application – Repairs, Services, or Conditions (Form TAL-022A)

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Bob Jones
Bob Jones

Editor & Researcher, Tenant Rights Canada

Bob writes and reviews tenant law content for various regions. They’re passionate about housing justice and simplifying legal protections for renters everywhere.

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