Form L1 Eviction for Non‑Payment of Rent: Ontario Tenant Guide

Evictions Ontario published June 27, 2025 Flag of Ontario

If you’re a tenant in Ontario and behind on your rent, you may receive formal legal notices from your landlord. Understanding the eviction process and your rights, especially regarding Form L1 (the Evict Non‑Payment & Collect Rent Form), is crucial for protecting your home and peace of mind. This article explains how Form L1 works, what steps you can take, and where to get help if you are facing eviction due to unpaid rent.

What Is Form L1 (Evict Non‑Payment & Collect Rent Form)?

The Form L1, officially called "Application to Evict a Tenant for Non‑payment of Rent and to Collect Rent the Tenant Owes", is a form that landlords in Ontario must use to ask the Landlord and Tenant Board (LTB) for permission to evict a tenant for unpaid rent. The landlord can also request an order from the Board to collect the rent owing at the same time.

Form L1 is used after the landlord has already given you a Notice to End your Tenancy Early for Non‑Payment of Rent (Form N4) and the time to pay or move out has passed.

Ontario’s Eviction Process for Non‑Payment of Rent

The eviction process for unpaid rent involves several mandatory steps:

  • Step 1: Notice to Tenant – The landlord gives you a Form N4 (Notice to End your Tenancy Early for Non‑Payment of Rent), stating how much rent is owed and a deadline to pay or move out.
  • Step 2: Landlord Applies to the Board – If you do not pay the full amount or move out by the deadline, the landlord can file a Form L1 with the Landlord and Tenant Board.
  • Step 3: LTB Hearing – The Board schedules a hearing. You have the right to attend, explain your situation, and offer defence.
  • Step 4: Board Makes a Decision – The LTB can order eviction, allow repayment, or dismiss the application if the landlord did not follow the proper process.

If you receive a Form L1 application notice, you still have options to pay the rent owing and stop the eviction process before a decision is made.

Where to Find Official Forms and Resources

The LTB provides information in various languages and offers guidance on how to participate in hearings or respond to applications. Visit the official Landlord and Tenant Board website for the most current process and contact details.[1][2]

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Your Rights as a Tenant Facing Non‑Payment Eviction

Tenants have legal protections when facing eviction for unpaid rent in Ontario:

  • Your landlord must provide the correct forms before applying to evict you.
  • You have a right to a hearing and to present your side to the Board.
  • If you pay the rent owing (and any extra costs, if ordered) before the hearing or as directed by the Board, the eviction may be stopped.
  • The LTB reviews if the landlord has followed all the legal steps before granting an eviction.
  • If you disagree with the landlord’s claim, you can submit evidence such as rent receipts or proof of payment.
If you receive a Form L1 notice, do not ignore it. Carefully read all documents and respond by the stated deadlines. Attending the hearing—or submitting paperwork if you cannot attend—is often your best chance to resolve the issue and avoid eviction.

For a deeper understanding of rent payments and your responsibilities as a tenant, review the Tenant's Guide to Paying Rent: Rights, Responsibilities, and Tips. Staying informed about Tenant Rights in Ontario will help you navigate difficult rental situations.

Paying What You Owe: Repayment Options & Agreements

Even after a Form L1 is filed, you can avoid eviction by paying the full amount owing, or negotiating a repayment plan with your landlord (with the Board’s approval). If you and your landlord reach an agreement, you can submit it to the Board for consideration.

For general guidance on your rights and obligations during tenancy—including paying rent, repairs, and communication—see the Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

Steps to Take if You Receive Form L1

If you've received notice of a Form L1 application, act quickly using the following steps:

  • Review all documents provided by your landlord and the Landlord and Tenant Board.
  • Gather evidence of rent payments, agreements, or reasons for late/non-payment (such as repairs not made, health emergencies, etc.).
  • Consider paying the full amount to the landlord to stop the process—keep records of this payment.
  • Prepare to attend the LTB hearing (online, by phone, or in person). If you have questions or special needs, contact the Board right away.
  • If you disagree with some or all of the landlord’s claims, submit your evidence to the Board and be ready to explain your circumstances.
  • Get legal advice if you need help preparing for a hearing (community legal clinics may assist).

Being proactive and informed is your best protection if facing eviction for unpaid rent.

FAQ: Ontario Eviction and Form L1

  1. Can a landlord evict me immediately for not paying rent?
    No. The landlord must give you proper written notice (Form N4) and go through the Landlord and Tenant Board process. Immediate eviction is not allowed for non-payment of rent.
  2. What happens at the Landlord and Tenant Board hearing?
    Both you and your landlord can present evidence and explain your sides. The Board will decide if an eviction order is necessary or if another resolution is possible.
  3. Can I stop the eviction by paying the rent after receiving Form L1?
    Yes. Paying the full amount owed before the Board issues an eviction order will generally stop the process, unless there is another issue. Always get a receipt.
  4. How can I contact the Landlord and Tenant Board?
    You can reach the LTB by phone, online, or in person. Visit the LTB Contact Page for current contact details and resources.
  5. Where can I find help if I can’t afford a lawyer?
    Community legal clinics often provide free assistance to tenants. The LTB can also direct you to local resources.

Key Takeaways for Tenants

  • Eviction for non‑payment of rent requires specific forms and a legal process. Know the steps and your deadlines.
  • You have a right to a hearing and can often stop eviction by paying the amount owed or reaching a repayment agreement.
  • Review Tenant Rights in Ontario and stay informed about recent tenancy rules and supports.

Staying organized, understanding your rights, and taking action quickly can make a significant difference in rental disputes.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

  1. Landlord and Tenant Board (Ontario): https://tribunalsontario.ca/ltb/
  2. Residential Tenancies Act, 2006 (Ontario): https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/06r17

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Bob Jones
Bob Jones

Editor & Researcher, Tenant Rights Canada

Bob writes and reviews tenant law content for various regions. They’re passionate about housing justice and simplifying legal protections for renters everywhere.

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