Renters often want to make changes to personalise or improve a rental, but in Nova Scotia there are rules and landlord-tenant responsibilities to follow. This guide explains when a change is an alteration, how to ask for written permission, what to do if you need repairs after altering, and how to document work so you protect your deposit and avoid disputes. It uses plain language for tenants, with examples of common requests (painting, shelving, minor fixtures) and practical steps to request approval and restore the unit at the end of the tenancy. If a landlord refuses improperly or a dispute arises, the Residential Tenancies Program and its forms can help you seek resolution.[1]
What counts as an alteration?
An alteration is any change that modifies the structure, finishes, or fixed systems of the unit beyond normal decorating. Common examples include drilling into walls for shelving, changing light fixtures, installing blinds, adding built-in shelves, or doing minor plumbing or electrical work. Simple, non-permanent items like freestanding furniture or removable hooks are usually not considered alterations.
Do you need permission?
Yes — in most cases you should get your landlord's written permission before making alterations. Verbal ok can be hard to prove later, so ask for a short written agreement that describes the work, who pays, how it will be completed, and whether you need to restore the unit when you move out.
How to ask for permission
Keep the request clear and reasonable. Describe the change, include photos or drawings if helpful, propose the timeline and qualified trades you will use, and state who will pay. Offer to restore the unit at the end of tenancy if the landlord prefers.
- Write a short request describing the alteration, materials, and planned start and end dates.
- Attach photos of the current condition and a simple sketch or product link showing the intended change.
- Send the request by email and ask the landlord to confirm in writing; keep copies of all messages.
Who pays and responsibility for repairs
Whether you or the landlord pays depends on your agreement. If the alteration benefits the landlord or is substantial, they may agree to cover costs. If you install something yourself, you may be expected to remove it and repair any damage when you leave unless you have a written agreement saying otherwise. If an alteration leads to a habitability problem (for example, damaging plumbing or creating a fire risk), you remain responsible for safety and repair actions you caused.
Safety, permits and qualified trades
Certain work, such as electrical or major plumbing, often requires a licensed tradesperson and sometimes municipal permits. Check with local building authorities before doing anything that affects wiring, gas, or structural elements. If permits or inspections are required, the tenant should typically arrange trades and approvals unless the landlord agrees to do so.
When a landlord refuses
If a landlord refuses permission, ask for reasons in writing so you understand their concerns. You may be able to modify the proposal to address issues. If you believe the refusal is unreasonable, you can seek advice or dispute resolution through the provincial Residential Tenancies Program [1] or by filing the appropriate application form[2].
Repair and restoration on move-out
Before you alter, clarify whether you must restore the unit when you move out. If you agree to restore, document the original condition with dated photos, keep receipts for work, and schedule restoration early so you can inspect results with the landlord.
Links for more on rights and repairs
For a province-specific overview of tenant and landlord rights see Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Nova Scotia. For details about who should handle routine maintenance and repairs, read Routine Repairs in Rental Units: Tenant and Landlord Responsibilities. If you are searching for a new place or comparison of rentals, Find rental homes across Canada on Houseme.
FAQ
- Do I ever need a permit to alter my rental?
- No matter whose responsibility it is to pay, permits for electrical, plumbing, or structural changes are set by municipal rules and must be obtained if required.
- Can I be charged for restoring the unit after an alteration?
- Yes, if your lease or a written agreement requires restoration you can be charged for repairs to return the unit to its original condition, subject to normal wear and tear.
- What if the landlord agrees verbally and later disputes the change?
- Verbal agreements are hard to prove; keep email or written confirmation and photos to support your position in any dispute.
How-To
- Prepare a brief written request describing the alteration and why it is needed.
- Include dated photos of the current condition and any product links or sketches.
- Email the landlord and ask for written consent; keep copies of the exchange.
- If work requires trades or permits, arrange qualified professionals and keep receipts and permits.
- Agree in writing who will restore the unit (if required) and how the cost will be handled at move-out.
- If you cannot reach agreement, file for dispute resolution with the Residential Tenancies Program using the official application form[2] or contact the Tribunal[3].
Key Takeaways
- Get written permission for alterations to reduce the risk of dispute.
- Document current condition with dated photos before making changes.
- Use qualified trades and permits for electrical, plumbing, or structural work.
Help and Support / Resources
- Contact Residential Tenancies Program — Government of Nova Scotia
- Application for Dispute Resolution (official form) — Government of Nova Scotia
- Residential Tenancies Tribunal — Government of Nova Scotia
