Mould and Indoor Air Quality Problems: Tenant Action in NL

Mould in a rental unit can create serious health risks and is a common problem for tenants across Newfoundland and Labrador. If you notice musty odours, visible mould, or experience indoor air issues like unexplained allergies, it's important to know your rights, your landlord's obligations, and practical steps you can take. This guide will help you understand the legal framework under the Residential Tenancies Act, 2018 and how to get support when you need it.

Why Indoor Air Quality and Mould Matter in Rentals

Exposure to indoor mould can lead to respiratory problems, worsen asthma, and create uncomfortable living conditions. For tenants, this is more than just a nuisance—it's a safety and health concern that both tenants and landlords must address responsibly.

Who Handles Tenancy Complaints and Disputes?

In Newfoundland and Labrador, the Residential Tenancies Office (RTO) oversees disputes between tenants and landlords, including health and safety concerns like mould and indoor air quality.

Tenant and Landlord Responsibilities

Landlords must provide and maintain rental units in a state that is safe and healthy, including addressing issues with dampness, leaks, and mould. Tenants are responsible for reporting problems and using the property in a reasonable manner.

• Landlords: Must keep the premises in good repair and meet health/safety standards.
• Tenants: Must report maintenance issues promptly and avoid actions that contribute to moisture build-up or mould.

For more on these shared duties, see Obligations of Landlords and Tenants: Rights and Responsibilities Explained.

What Causes Mould in Rentals?

• Water leaks (roofs, windows, plumbing)
• Poor ventilation in kitchens or bathrooms
• Condensation and high humidity

Early action keeps small problems from turning into serious health issues and expensive repairs.

What to Do If You Find Mould or Poor Air Quality

• Document the problem: Take clear photos of visible mould or water damage.
• Notify your landlord in writing: Describe what you found and when. Keep a copy.
• Allow reasonable time for repair: In most cases, landlords are expected to act promptly, especially if health or safety is at risk.

If your landlord does not respond or refuses to fix the issue, you may need to escalate the matter to the Residential Tenancies Office.

Applying to the Residential Tenancies Office (RTO)

If your landlord ignores your written request about mould or indoor air quality, you can apply to the RTO for an order forcing repairs or compensation. The main form for this is:

• Form: Application by Tenant (Form 6)
  Download from the Government of NL
  When to use: For situations where your landlord will not address necessary repairs related to health and safety.
  How to use: Fill out the form with your details, attach any supporting evidence (photos, copies of correspondence), and submit to your local Residential Tenancies Office. The RTO will schedule a hearing and may order the landlord to resolve the issue.

Helpful Maintenance and Inspection Practices

Consider regular self-inspections and noting the condition of your home, especially when you first move in. For helpful guidance, review the Guide to the Initial Rental Property Inspection for Tenants.

Relevant Legislation for Tenants

The Residential Tenancies Act, 2018 sets out the legal rights and responsibilities about repairs, health standards, and tenant protections in Newfoundland and Labrador. The RTO enforces these rules, and tenants can seek orders or compensation if landlords do not comply.¹

Other Health and Safety Concerns

Mould is one of several common issues in rental housing. Are you curious about other hazards? Check out Health and Safety Issues Every Tenant Should Know When Renting for more information on what to look out for and how to address them as a tenant.

Having trouble finding a healthy home? Canada's best rental listings platform helps you search for well-maintained homes across the country.

Want to know more about your rights as a renter in Newfoundland and Labrador? Visit Tenant Rights and Landlord Rights in Newfoundland and Labrador for a complete overview.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What can I do if my landlord doesn't fix mould or air quality issues?
   First, notify your landlord in writing and give reasonable time for a response. If there's no action, you can file an Application by Tenant (Form 6) with the Residential Tenancies Office to request a formal order.
2. Can I withhold rent because of mould?
   No, tenants are not allowed to withhold rent without going through the RTO process. Always pay your rent on time while the dispute is ongoing, to avoid risking eviction.
3. Do landlords have to test for or remove mould?
   Landlords are required to fix causes of mould (like leaks or poor ventilation) and maintain a healthy living environment. If visible mould is present, they must address it as part of their repair obligations.
4. Is there a government inspection service for rental health concerns?
   You can contact your local public health authority for serious health concerns. However, legal remedies generally go through the Residential Tenancies Office.
5. What if my health is affected by mould in my home?
   If you or your family experience health symptoms, consult a doctor and document your health complaints. Include this information when applying to the RTO or contacting public health.

Key Takeaways

• Document and report mould or air quality concerns to your landlord as soon as possible.
• If issues aren’t resolved, use Form 6 and contact the Residential Tenancies Office.
• Know your rights under the Residential Tenancies Act and keep records for any dispute.

Need Help? Resources for Tenants

• Residential Tenancies Office (RTO): Official RTO website for forms and guidance
• Form 6 – Application by Tenant: Download Form 6
• Local Public Health Offices: For serious health or safety concerns, find your regional public health contact through the Department of Health and Community Services.
• Legal Support: The Public Legal Information Association of Newfoundland and Labrador (PLIAN) offers free information and advice: PLIAN

---

1. Residential Tenancies Act, 2018 (Government of NL)
2. Residential Tenancies Office – Government of Newfoundland and Labrador
3. NL Government FAQ: Residential Tenancies

Categories

Tenant Rights & Responsibilities Rent & Deposits Leases & Agreements Moving In / Out Maintenance & Repairs Evictions Roommates & Shared Housing Discrimination & Accessibility Utilities & Services Affordable Housing & Subsidies Dispute Resolution & LTB Safety & Security Privacy & Entry by Landlord Special Tenancy Situations Tenant Insurance & Liability Post-Eviction Resources Landlord Compliance & Penalties Legal Precedents & Case Summaries Mental Health & Tenancy